A Consumers Guide To Mortgage Brokers And The Evil Yield Spread Premium in 2010.
Kick backs, hidden cost, back points, HUD (Housing and Urban Development) calls it "Yield Spread Premium" (YSP), money paid by the a lender to mortgage brokers outside of closing. Money paid by the lender to the broker for you, because you chose a higher mortgage interest rate. Mortgage brokers are suppose to show this on line 801 of their "Good Faith Estimate" and escrow will show it on the estimated and final closing statements (HUD- I) when closing a loan for a mortgage broker. You'll never see these "YSP" on a loan from a bank, mortgage banker, Savings and loan, thrift, or credit union! Congress and HUD are again expressing concerns overYSPmisclaiming undo enrichment of mortgage brokers and their agents. The news media often mentions "kick backs" to mortgage brokers, and yet this practice continues! Why?
To understandwe need to understand mortgage pricing. The traditional bank offered one mortgage interest rate that fluctuated occasionally, after WW II loans often included an "Origination" fee (normally 1 point, 1% of the loan amount) more recently we have seen many additional bank and third party fees. Until about 1973 mortgage banks and mortgage brokers as we know them dealt mostly in "government" loans (FHA and VA, western brokers also offered private money loans what we later called "hard Money" loans.) the rates were set by the FHA and VA respectively if these rates were below the current market (FHA and VA don't have any money of their own to loan.) the lenders added "discount points" to increase the "Yield" sufficiently to make money available. When FHA and VA stopped setting artificially low rates we soon saw wide spread use of these "discount points" to buy-down interest rates on all types of mortgage loans. At some point lenders realized that they could also let consumers have a credit for higher rates to offset other cost including origination fees, this became what we now know as YSP! YSP's don't raise broker's fees they offset them!
After 1974 when mortgage brokers began their dominance of the mortgage origination market (estimates had mortgage brokers originating 75 to 90% of all mortgage loans) still your bank normally had one rate and it included one origination point, mortgage bankers normally have "the rate" and one "buy down" rate.
Strangely, mortgage brokers have many rates in 1/8% increments of rate, spanning 2 or more % interest. This is strange because the money offered by the mortgage brokers comes from banks and mortgage bankers, the same banks that offer only the afore mentioned, two, higher cost, rates to their retail clients.
About half the rates available to mortgage brokers were the traditional "Buy-down" rates costing up to 2 points and sometimes more, than the so called "par rate" (no discount cost to the broker) the other half were "buy-up" rates paying the broker up to 4 points. The payments, kick backs, hidden cost, back points, etc... were finally named "yield spread premium" by HUD about a decade and a half ago. It's not uncommon for a mortgage broker to have available a 6 point spread (4 points YSP to 2 discount points) available on any given loan program. That 6 points on a $300,000 loan means up to $18,000 difference in closing cost, money needed to close the loan, regardless of all the other closing cost.
Yet, all that extra cost only means about 2% difference in the interest rate. Most consumers don't have the luxury of choice, they seldom have an extra $18,000.00.
Unless they need the lower rate, higher cost loan, to qualify for the loan the lowest rates seldom make sense, some thing another HUD acronym distorts. (APR or "Annual Percentage Rate, spreads the up front loan cost over the life of the loan, witch always favors the high cost lower rate loans, but neglects the fact that loans are rarely keep to maturity.)
A quick glance at the rates and discount points might make you think that you'd always save money after 3 years ( 6 discount points divided by 2% interest reduction) but that's not true. The idiosyncrasies of loan amortization mean that the break-even point is normally closer to 5 years, not counting the time value of money (Those expensive up-front points.) Today it's still rare that a mortgage loan actually exists for much more than five years.
Yet HUD and congress keep trying to buy your votesby mis-clamming YSP is evil and there are abuses by mortgage brokers of this "hidden" cost.
Selected witnesses offer tales of over charges and hidden cost that are bone chilling. Claims of over charging abound. The problem they say is only mortgage brokers charge this hidden fee. What they don't explain is that for just a little bit more money they can get the same loan with out the YSP from a banker! What they forget is consumers don't pay the
YSP! YSP by definition is a payment from the lender/bank to the broker, it's the bank sharing in the premium they'll profit from because the loan you chose is 1/8 to 2% above the "par" rate.
Bankers don't receive YSP because it's just a small part of their profit on every loan! Taking the YSP off the loan disclosures doesn't save money, it only saves confusion! Is it worth more up-front money out of your pocket for the same loan to avoid the confusion? As much as 6% of the loan amount? Especially when the confusion was created by the banks and Congress to favor the banks? Adding to the confusion the latest regulations (Effictive 1-1-10) keep lenders from giving preliminary estimates in a form you can understand or compare with the "Good Faith Estimate" or "HUD-1"
Again there are calls for reform. "Reform" is always an interesting term, it implies you're better than the unreformed. The argument is that only mortgage brokers charge YSP, but is it a charge? Indeed the latest reforms are better for the banks!
Why don't banks and mortgage bankers have to disclose their profits?But, we don't require any other business to report their profits to anyone except their stockholders and the IRS. It is only when the loan originates with a mortgage broker that the part of the profit is called YSP.
Couldn't consumers go directly to lenders to save money? It sounds good but it doesn't work that way! Loans from mortgage brokers are almost always less expensive, because of competition! Thanks to mortgage brokers the mortgage origination business is possibly the most competitive business in the country! Secondly, success! Mortgage brokers are able to close loans for more consumers, because they have more than one source for a loan. When the consumer doesn't qualify for a bank's program he's turned down, that's the end of the application. The turned down consumer will never know that several other lenders would take his loan, mortgage brokers get more loans approved.
Evil mortgage brokers have all those fees! Yes there are a lot of cost in closing a mortgage loan. Direct lenders advertising low closing cost are simply using some of their profits to absorb those costs, mortgage brokers do this all the time using the YSP to off set the consumers cost. Normally the direct lender can avoid showing you the real cost, where the broker will have to show all the cost and issue a credit!, he'll also show the YSP adding to the consumer's confusion. When a consumer sees a long list of costs he may never notice the total at the bottom of the page may be less than the direct lenders short list. All other terms being equal, the only way to compare loans is to check the amount out of pocket and the monthly payment.
If Congress and HUD are investigating the evils of YSP, won't we be better off? A few years ago the same people investigated "predatory lending" a couple of large direct lenders had preyed on a southern state. To cure the problem we now have new law "Section 32." The new law did nothing to help the people suffering form the "predatory" lenders. What the new law did was to drive more morally cognizant lenders out of the business of helping troubled borrowers! If the lender now makes one of these high risk loans they must have the client sign a new form in escrow 3 days before closing that says if you don't make your payments you could lose your house! I've only been in lending since 1969 but I've never seen a mortgage or deed of trust, that didn't very clearly say if you don't make the payments you could lose the house. The only thing the new law accomplished was to reduce competition in this already expensive field driving up prices, and cause a few people to lose their home or worst because their loan was delayed.
The new "Good Faith Estimate" does even more to confuse the consumer! YSP looks more like a charge than ever and there is allot more room for lenders to distort reality!
There's a relatively new high-bread mortgage banker the Corespondent lending division of some mortgage brokerages that combines almost all the advantages of a broker while acting as a mortgage banker. These high-breeds also offer great rates. The bottom line is that you have to check all sources, because the only real protection the consumer has is the personal integrity of his Loan Originator!
Bill
William J Archambault Jr
The Real Estate Investment Institute
wja@reii.org 832-259-7078 or 702-516-1569
From my past: GRI 1975, FLI 1974, Catalyst from a client 1974 an agent that makes things happen, REII, The Real Estate Investment Institute 1995.

©William J Archambault Jr ©The Real Estate Investment Institute ©REII